Numerical simulation of humidity field in Baijiu fermentation rooms and influencing factors

Authors

• Hao Qi, School of Mechanical Engineering , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering , Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , China
• Shi Yan, School of Mechanical Engineering , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering , Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , China;Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Process Equipment and Control , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering , Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , ChinaFollow
• Yang Zhengquan, Sichuan Yibin Minjiang Machinery Manufacturing Co ., Ltd., Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , China
• Lin Chunsong, School of Mechanical Engineering , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering , Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , China
• Xu Guangqi, School of Mechanical Engineering , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering , Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , China
• Wen Enhan, School of Mechanical Engineering , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering , Yibin , Sichuan 644000 , China

Corresponding Author(s)

石艳（1971—），女，四川轻化工大学教授，博士。E-mail：408624969@qq.com

Abstract

[Objective] To investigate the effects of ventilation conditions and Daqu stacking methods in the fermentation room on the humidity levels at various points within the room. [Methods] A three-dimensional unsteady gas-solid coupling model of a small-scale fermentation room is established. Then, the humidity field variation patterns in the room are analyzed using the height of the humidifying air supply outlet (H), the interlayer spacing of fermentation racks (h), and the gap between fermentation piles (δ) as variables. Additionally, multi-objective optimization is performed based on response surface methodology (RSM) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). [Results] H, h, and δ all significantly affect the humidity field, with h exerting the highest influence weight. Parameter optimization yields the Pareto optimal front: H=492 mm, h=167 mm, and δ=140 mm. Compared with the original model, the humidity regulation rate is increased by 31.9%, and the humidity uniformity index is improved by 11.82% after optimization. [Conclusion] The collaborative optimization of the fermentation room layout parameters H, h, and δ can effectively improve the regulation of the solid-state fermentation environment, significantly enhancing both the humidity regulation rate and uniformity.

Publication Date

7-25-2026

First Page

168

Last Page

179

DOI

10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80573

Recommended Citation

Qi, Hao; Yan, Shi; Zhengquan, Yang; Chunsong, Lin; Guangqi, Xu; and Enhan, Wen (2026) "Numerical simulation of humidity field in Baijiu fermentation rooms and influencing factors," Food and Machinery: Vol. 42: Iss. 7, Article 21.
DOI: 10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80573
Available at: https://www.ifoodmm.cn/journal/vol42/iss7/21

References

[1] 吴成,程平言,谢丹,等.酱香型白酒 4轮次堆积发酵理化因子、风味物质与微生物群落相关性分析 [J].食品科学,2023,44(2):240-247.Wu C,Cheng P Y,Xie D,et al.Correlation analysis among physicochemical parameters,flavor compounds and microbial community during fourth round of heap fermentation of Jiang-flavor Baijiu [J].Food Science,2023,44(2):240-247.

[2] 徐千惠,饶家权,邹永芳,等.浓香型大曲贮存期微生物群落演替及代谢产物的变化机制 [J].食品科学,2023,44(22):225-234.Xu Q H,Rao J Q,Zou Y F,et al.Mechanism of microbial community succession and metabolite change in Nongxiangxing Baijiu Daqu during storage [J].Food Science,2023,44(22):225-234.

[3] 薄涛,吕娜,杨凯环,等.白酒大曲发酵过程中微生物群落及功能研究进展 [J].食品科学,2023,44(19):385-393.Bo T,Lü N,Yang K H,et al.Recent advances in understanding the composition and functions of microbial community in the fermentation of Baijiu Daqu [J].Food Science,2023,44(19):385-393.

[4] Chihoub W,Dias M I,Barros L,et al.Valorisation of the green waste parts from turnip,radish and wild cardoon:nutritional value,phenolic profile and bioactivity evaluation [J].Food Research International,2019,126:108651.

[5] Park J,Oh S K,Chung H J,et al.Effect of steaming and roasting on the quality and resistant starch of brown rice flour with high amylose content [J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2022,167:113801.

[6] 廖俊杰,胡光忠,夏秋,等.基于改进 SSA优化预测模型的大曲发酵湿度监控系统 [J].食品与机械,2022,38(9):93-97.Liao J J,Hu G Z,Xia Q,et al.Monitoring system of Daqu fermentation humidity based on improved SSA-optimization prediction model [J].Food & Machinery,2022,38(9):93-97.

[7] Menneer T,Mueller M,Sharpe R A,et al.Modelling mould growth in domestic environments using relative humidity and temperature [J].Building and Environment,2022,208:108583.

[8] 徐佳乐,黄丹平,田建平,等.新型曲房内循环温度测控系统设计 [J].食品与机械,2020,36(12):90-94.Xu J L,Huang D P,Tian J P,et al.New cycle temperature measurement and control system in Kojibank [J].Food & Machinery,2020,36(12):90-94.

[9] 吴相东,田建平,黄海飞,等.曲房加湿的数值模拟及试验 [J].现代食品科技,2022,38(5):218-225.Wu X D,Tian J P,Huang H F,et al.Humidification pipe structure design and evaluation in Qu Fang [J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2022,38(5):218-225.

[10] 黄海飞,田建平,王开铸,等.曲房环境温湿度场的数值模拟及分布规律 [J].现代食品科技,2020,36(9):148-155,40.Huang H F,Tian J P,Wang K Z,et al.Numerical simulation and distribution of ambient temperature and humidity field in Qu Fang [J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2020,36(9):148-155,40.

[11] 杨功志,张胜棋,韩丽丽,等.风冷冰箱的湿度场动态仿真通用模型及湿度均匀性改善 [J].西安交通大学学报,2025,59(2):134-145.Yang G Z,Zhang S Q,Han L L,et al.General model for dynamic simulation of humidity distribution in frost-free refrigerator and humidity uniformity improvement [J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2025,59(2):134-145.

[12] 孔得丞.籽棉加湿箱内环境的模拟验证与气流组织优化研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2023:1-16.Kong D C.Simulation verification of the internal environment of seed cotton humidification box and optimization of air distribution [D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2023:1-16.

[13] 杜县南.果蔬保鲜运输用超声波加湿雾化特性及湿度调控研究 [D].广州:华南农业大学,2019:8-9.Du X N.Ultrasonic humidification atomization characteristics and humidity control of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping transportation [D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2019:8-9.

[14] Alexander L D,Jakhar S,Dasgupta M S.Optimizing cold storage for uniform airflow and temperature distribution in apple preservation using CFD simulation [J].Scientific Reports,2024,14(1):25402.

[15] 张国荣,张界威,季家东,等.进风管锥度与供风方式对冷风发酵房流场均匀性的影响 [J].食品与机械,2025,41(2):94-100.Zhang G R,Zhang J W,Ji J D,et al.Effects of inlet duct taper and air supply mode on flow field uniformity in cold air fermentation room [J].Food & Machinery,2025,41(2):94-100.

[16] Guo J M,Wei X Y,Li B,et al.Characteristic analysis of humidity control in a fresh-keeping container using CFD model[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2020,179:105816.

[17] 黄海飞.发酵曲房的湿度数值模拟及加湿调控特性研究 [D].自贡:四川轻化工大学,2021:19-24.Huang H F.Humidity numerical simulation and humidification control characteristics of fermentation kosher [D].Zigong:Sichuan University of Science & Engineering,2021:19-24.

[18] 肖晓.白酒曲房的温度场及智能控制系统应用研究 [D].成都:电子科技大学,2021:4-11.Xiao X.Research on temperature field and intelligent control system application of Chinese Baijiu Daqu workshop [D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2021:4-11.

[19] 靳光远,赵玉杰,唐群勇,等.实验室规模大曲发酵虚拟仿真与控制 [J].食品与发酵工业,2024,50(17):103-110.Jin G Y,Zhao Y J,Tang Q Y,et al.Virtual simulation and control of Daqu fermentation at lab-scale [J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2024,50(17):103-110.

[20] 周书宇,田建平,高剑,等.大曲发酵过程的环境温湿度均匀性调控系统研究 [J].食品与发酵工业,2023,49(18):148-156.Zhou S Y,Tian J P,Gao J,et al.Study on regulating system of ambient temperature and humidity uniformity in Daqu fermentation process [J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2023,49(18):148-156.

[21] 金听祥,张国防,杜帅华,等.超声波加湿空调器加湿装置的设计与试验 [J].低温与超导,2020,48(5):80-86.Jin T X,Zhang G F,Du S H,et al.Design and test of humidifying device for ultrasonic humidifying air conditioner[J].Cryogenics & Superconductivity,2020,48(5):80-86.

[22] 周俊,马世澎. SPSSAU 科研数据分析方法与应用 [M].北京:电子工业出版社,2024:1-20.Zhou J,Ma S P.SPSSAU scientific research data analysis method and application [M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2024:1-20.

[23] 王同林,邵志勇,聂智星,等.基于德尔菲法及层次分析法构建鲜食番茄品质评价体系 [J].浙江农业学报,2025,37(12):2 583-2 592.Wang T L,Shao Z Y,Nie Z X,et al.Construction of a quality evaluation system for fresh-eating tomatoes based on delphi method and analytic hierarchy process [J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2025,37(12):2 583-2 592.