•  
  •  
 

Corresponding Author(s)

邓杨勇（1979—），男，杭州姚生记食品有限公司高级工程师。E-mail：dengyy@yaoshengji.cn

Abstract

Hickory is a natural, pollution-free wild nut that grows in specific natural environments. It is highly favored by consumers for its uniquely crisp and fluffy texture, rich nutritional value, and multiple health benefits. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main nutritional and bioactive components of hickory, including proteins and amino acids, fats and fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, polyphenols, squalene, and phytosterols.These components are compared with those of commonly consumed nut products to clarify the content levels of the primary bioactive nutrients in hickory. It also focuses on the bioactivities and recent research progress related to hickory in areas such as nervous system regulation, cardiovascular regulation, antioxidant activity, as well as liver and intestinal modulation. Finally, it reviews the current trends in the utilization of hickory's nutritional and bioactive components.

Publication Date

1-13-2026

First Page

218

Last Page

226

DOI

10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80049

References

[1] 王 静,吕 芳 德.我 国 山 核 桃 属 植 物 研 究 进 展 [J].经 济 林 研 究,2012,30(1):138-142.WANG J,LÜ F D.Advances in research on Carya nutt in China[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2012,30(1):138-142.
[2] 郭传友,黄坚钦,方炎明.山核桃研究综述及展望 [J].经济林研究,2004,22(1):61-63.GUO C Y,HUANG J Q,FANG Y M.Review and perspective of research on Carya cathayensis [J].Economic Forest Researches,2004,22(1):61-63.
[3] 周樑波.贮藏条件及加工工艺对山核桃品质的影响 [D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2018:1-67.ZHOU L B.The effects of storage conditions and processing methods on the quality of walnut [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University,2018:1-67.
[4] 刘力,龚宁,夏国华,等.山核桃种仁蛋白质及氨基酸成分含量的变异分析 [J].林业科学研究,2006,19(3):376-378.LIU L,GONG N,XIA G H,et al.Analysis on the protein and amino acids contents in hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) kernel and their variations [J].Forest Research,2006,19(3):376-378.
[5] 赵玉顺.临安山核桃产品营养成分特性研究 [D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2013:1-48.ZHAO Y S.The study on nutritional characteristics of pecan product from Lin'an [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University,2013:1-48.
[6] PELLET P L,YOUNG V R.Nutritional evaluation of protein foods [M].Tokyo:The United Nations University,1980:4.
[7] 荣瑞芬.几种重要坚果的营养特性比较 [J].北京联合大学学报(自然科学版 ),2010,24(1):12-16.RONG R F.A comparison of the nutritional characteristics of several common nuts [J].Journal of Beijing Union University (Natural Sciences ),2010,24(1):12-16.
[8] 杨月欣.中国食物成分表 [M].6版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2018.YANG Y X.Chinese food composition [M].6th Edition.Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2018.
[9] 崔亚娟,郭莹莹,殷嘉彤,等.坚果及坚果仁油营养品质综合评 价 [J/OL ].中 国 食 物 与 营 养.(2023 -11-10) [2025 -01-08].https://doi.org/10.19870 /j.cnki.11-3716 /ts.20231108.001.CUI Y J,GUO Y Y,YIN J T,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional quality of nuts and nut kernel oil [J/OL ].Food and Nutrition in China.(2023 -11-10) [2025 -01-08].https://doi.org/10.19870 /j.cnki.11-3716 /ts.20231108.001.
[10] 王芳.坚果中脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析 [J].食品安全质量检测学报,2018,9(15):4 105-4 111.WANG F.Analysis of fat content and fatty acid composition in nut[J].Journal of Food Safety & Quality,2018,9(15):4 105-4 111.
[11] 高军龙,赵美钰,李童,等.传统压榨山核桃油理化性质及脂肪 酸 组 成 分 析 [J].浙 江 农 业 科 学,2022,63(11):2 633-2 635,2 687.GAO J L,ZHAO M Y,LI T,et al.Physical and chemical properties and fatty acid composition analysis of traditional pressing hickory oil [J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2022,63(11):2 633-2 635,2 687.
[12] 何国庆,俞春莲,饶盈,等.山核桃果实成熟过程中矿质元素及 脂 肪 酸 组 分 变 化 [J].浙 江 农 林 大 学 学 报,2019,36(6):1 208-1 216.HE G Q,YU C L,RAO Y,et al.Dynamic changes in composition of mineral elements and fatty acids for hickory nuts (Carya cathayensis ) during maturity [J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2019,36(6):1 208-1 216.
[13] 王海燕,李睿.功能性不饱和脂肪酸研究进展 [J].肉类研究,2010,24(12):14-17.WANG H Y,LI R.The research advance in polyunsaturated fatty acid [J].Meat Research,2010,24(12):14-17.
[14] 李新委,谢世友,马燕.山核桃营养价值与种植经济效益分析[J].农学学报,2015,5(2):51-56.LI X W,XIE S Y,MA Y.Analysis of pecan nutritional value and planting economic benefit [J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(2):51-56.
[15] 常存,段楠,杨雪冰.山核桃的营养成分测定及保健功能研究[J].黑龙江科学,2019,10(12):46-47.CHANG C,DUAN N,YANG X B.Study on nutritional composition and health function of Carya cathayensis [J].Heilongjiang Science,2019,10(12):46-47.
[16] ALASALVAR C,SHAHIDI F.Natural antioxidants in tree nuts[J].European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,2009,111(11):1 056-1 062.
[17] 李清清,刘淑一,李秋雨,等.影响婴幼儿面条中维生素 A稳定性的因素 [J].食品与机械,2024,40(11):160-165.LI Q Q,LIU S Y,LI Q Y,et al.Factors influencing the stability of vitamin A in infant noodles [J].Food & Machinery,2024,40(11):160-165.
[18] ZAFFARIN A S M,NG S F,NG M H,et al.Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of vitamin E:nanoformulations to enhance bioavailability [J].International Journal of Nanomedicine,2020,15:9 961-9 974.
[19] 杨佳佳.山核桃仁对大鼠代谢综合征的营养干预作用及传统炒制加工规律研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学,2015:1-63.YANG J J.Nutritional effect of carya nut kernel on metabolic syndrome and changes of functional components during traditional stir-frying process [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015:1-63.
[20] 郜海燕,李兴飞,陈杭君,等.山核桃多酚物质提取及抗氧化研究进展 [J].食品科学,2011,32(5):336-341.GAO H Y,LI X F,CHEN H J,et al.Research progress on extraction and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from carya (Carya cathayensis ) [J].Food Science,2011,32(5):336-341.
[21] 贾晓东,许梦洋,莫正海,等.薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物研究进展[J].植物学报,2020,55(1):106-119.JIA X D,XU M Y,MON Z H,et al.Recent advances in phenolic metabolites in pecan [J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2020,55(1):106-119.
[22] 房祥军,郜海燕,陈杭君.正交试验法优化山核桃仁中总多酚 的 提 取 工 艺 参 数 研 究 [J].中 国 食 品 学 报,2009,9(1):153-157.FANG X J,GAO H Y,CHEN H J.Studies on the technological parameters optimization of total polyphenols extraction from the carya cathayensis sarg kornel by orthogonal experiment [J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2009,9(1):153-157.
[23] LI X N,WANG L P,TAN B,et al.Effect of structural characteristics on the physicochemical properties and functional activities of dietary fiber:a review of structure-activity relationship [J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024,269:132214.
[24] 卢红伶,俞罡雷,蒋起宏,等.响应面法优化冷榨核桃油及其脂 肪 酸 组 分 分 析 [J/OL ].中 国 油 脂.(2024 -02-06) [2025 -03-21].https://doi.org/10.19902 /j.cnki.zgyz.1003 -7969.230547.LU H L,YU G L,JIANG Q H,et al.Response surface methodology for optimization of cold-pressed extracted walnut oil and its fatty acid composition analysis [J/OL ].China Oils and Fats.(2024 -02-06) [2025 -03-21].https://doi.org/10.19902 /|j.cnki.zgyz.1003 -7969.230547.
[25] 覃慧婷,康恒,付帆,等.角鲨烯来源及其生物活性研究进展[J].粮食科技与经济,2024,49(1):102-107.QIN H T,KANG H,FU F,et al.Research progress on the source and bioactivity of squalene [J].Food Science and Technology and Economy,2024,49(1):102-107.
[26] 韩军花,杨月欣,冯妹元,等.中国常见植物食物中植物甾醇的 含 量 和 居 民 摄 入 量 初 估 [J].卫 生 研 究,2007,36(3):301-305.HAN J H,YANG Y X,FENG M Y,et al.Analysis of phytosterol contents in Chinese plant food and primary estimation of its intake of people [J].Journal of Hygiene Research,2007,36(3):301-305.
[27] FENG S M,WANG L,BELWAL T,et al.Phytosterols extraction from hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) husk with a green direct citric acid hydrolysis extraction method [J].Food Chemistry,2020,315:126217.
[28] 刘 畅,周 家 春.植 物 多 酚 抗 氧 化 性 研 究 [J].粮 食 与 油 脂,2011,24(2):43-46.LIU C,ZHOU J C.Research on antioxidation of plant polyphenols [J].Cereals & Oils,2011,24(2):43-46.
[29] 任传义,张延平,汤富彬,等.油茶籽油、油橄榄油、核桃油、香 榧 油 中 主 要 化 学 成 分 分 析 [J].食 品 安 全 质 量 检 测 学 报,2015,6(12):5 011-5 016.REN C Y,ZHANG Y P,TANG F B,et al.Analysis of main chemical components in camellia oil,olive oil,walnut oil and torreya seeds oil [J].Journal of Food Safety & Quality,2015,6(12):5 011-5 016.
[30] GAO F,WU J F,ZHOU Y,et al.An appropriate ratio of unsaturated fatty acids is the constituent of hickory nut extract for neurite outgrowth in human SH-SY 5Y cells [J].Food Science & Nutrition,2020,8(12):6 346-6 356.
[31] 吴建峰.山核桃神经营养功能因子的分离与鉴定 [D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2017:1-59.WU J F.Isolation and identification of neurotrophic factors from Carya cathayensis Sarg.[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University,2017:1-59.
[32] 王鸿飞,徐超,周明亮,等.山核桃油改善小鼠记忆功能的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2012,27(7):63-66.WANG H F,XU C,ZHOU M L,et al.Studies on improving the memory capacity of mice [J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2012,27(7):63-66.
[33] ZAMROZIEWICZ M K,TALUKDAR M T,ZWILLING C E,et al.Nutritional status,brain network organization,and general intelligence [J].NeuroImage,2017,161:241-250.
[34] LIU X R,GUASCH-FERRÉ M,TOBIAS D K,et al.Association of walnut consumption with total and cause-specific mortality and life expectancy in U.S.adults [J].Nutrients,2021,13(8):2 699.
[35] 杜倩,乌兰,刘睿,等.核桃肽对幼年小鼠学习记忆能力的影响[J].中国生育健康杂志,2017,28(6):538-543.DU Q,WU L,LIU R,et al.The effects of walnut peptides on learning and memory abilities in juvenile mice [J].Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health,2017,28(6):538-543.
[36] HUANG C Y,LI Y,WANG K T,et al.Analysis of lipidomics profile of Carya cathayensis nuts and lipid dynamic changes during embryonic development [J].Food Chemistry,2022,370:130975.
[37] 李晴.山核桃油降血脂功能活性及其微胶囊化技术研究 [D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2022:1-50.LI Q.Study on hypolipidemic activity and microencapsulation technology of walnut oil [D].Zhoushan:Zhejiang Ocean University,2022:1-50.
[38] CUPINO A,FRASER G,KNUTSEN S,et al.Are total omega-3 and omega- 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predictors of fatal stroke in the adventist health study 2 prospective cohort ? [J].PLoS One,2022,17(9):e0274109.
[39] HAYES D,ANGOVE M J,TUCCI J,et al.Walnuts (Juglans regia ) chemical composition and research in human health [J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2016,56(8):1 231-1 241.
[40] MOZAFFARIAN D.Dietary and policy priorities to reduce the global crises of obesity and diabetes [J].Nature Food,2020,1(1):38-50.
[41] 徐慧敏.奇亚籽油降血脂作用研究及在酸奶中的应用 [D].锦州:锦州医科大学,2024:1-68.XU H M.Study on the hypolipidemic effect of chiaseed oil and its application in yogurt [D].Jinzhou:Jinzhou Medical University,2024:1-68.
[42] 俞憬,陈冠林,杨璐齐,等.山核桃仁多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化 活 性 研 究 [J].湖 北 农 业 科 学,2017,56(11):2 109-2 112,2 130.YU J,CHEN G L,YANG L Q,et al.Optimal technological conditions for extraction of polyphenols in hickory nut kernel and its antioxidant activities [J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(11):2 109-2 112,2 130.
[43] 赵一丁.山核桃内果皮酚类成分稳定性及抗油脂氧化研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2018:1-62.ZHAO Y D.Study on stability and anti-lipid oxidantion of phenolic compounds from endocarp of Carya cathayensis [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University,2018:1-62.
[44] 朱亚新.核桃多酚对酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素合成的影响及其化妆品的试制 [D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2016:1-81.ZHU Y X.Effect of polyphenols from walnut on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis and preparation of cosmetic [D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2016:1-81.
[45] 慈傲特.山核桃饼粕抗氧化肽的制备与鉴定 [D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2018:1-56.CI A T.Preparation and identification of antioxidant peptide from Pecan meal [D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2018:1-56.
[46] 丁之恩,丁昱,张继刚,等.加工工艺对山核桃油活性物质及油脂品质的影响 [J].经济林研究,2023,41(4):12-21.DING Z E,DING Y,ZHANG J G,et al.Effects of processing technology condition on active component and quality in Carya cathayensis Sarg oil [J].Non-wood Forest Research,2023,41(4):12-21.
[47] 柏薇薇.山核桃及山核桃油的功效 [J].食品界,2018 (6):83.BAI W W.The efficacy of hickory and hickory oil [J].Food Industry,2018 (6):83.
[48] MÜLLER L G,PASE C S,RECKZIEGEL P,et al.Hepatoprotective effects of pecan nut shells on ethanol-induced liver damage [J].Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology,2013,65(1/2):165-171.
[49] 金晟,郑昌吉,郑明昱.山核桃油对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠急性 肝 损 伤 的 影 响 [J].延 边 大 学 医 学 学 报,2013,36(3):177-180.JIN S,ZHENG C J,ZHENG M Y.Effects of wild walnut oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats [J].Journal of Medical Science Yanbian University,2013,36(3):177-180.
[50] NAKANISHI M,MATZ A,KLEMASHEVICH C,et al.Dietary walnut supplementation alters mucosal metabolite profiles during DSS-induced colonic ulceration [J].Nutrients,2019,11(5):1 118.
[51] JIANG C Y,WANG S,WANG Y H,et al.Polyphenols from hickory nut reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in mice by improving intestinal microbiota and inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide production [J].Phytomedicine,2024,128:155349.
[52] 胡闰茹,丁继垲,王皓悦,等.临安山核桃研究综述 [J].南方农业,2024,18(2):22-25.HU R R,DING J K,WANG H Y,et al.A review of research on Lin'an walnut [J].South China Agriculture,2024,18(2):22-25.
[53] 肖 仁 显.山 核 桃 油 的 提 取 工 艺 及 其 氧 化 稳 定 性 研 究 [D].杭州:浙江大学,2012:1-51.XIAO R X.Study on Carya cathayensis sarg.oil:extraction and its oxidative stability [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012:1-51.
[54] 涂宝军,马利华,秦卫东,等.超声波辅助提取山药皮多酚工艺 及 酚 类 的 鉴 别 研 究 [J].中 国 食 品 添 加 剂,2014,25(1):120-126.TU B J,MA L H,QIN W D,et al.Studies on ultrasound- assisted extraction of yam peel polyphenol and its compositions [J].China Food Additives,2014,25(1):120-126.
[55] 赵 定 华.山 核 桃 内 果 皮 黄 酮 提 取、抗 氧 化 及 抑 菌 活 性 研 究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2015:1-59.ZHAO D H.Study on flavonoid extraction,antioxidantion and antibacterial activity in the endocarp of Carya cathayensis [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University,2015:1-59.
[56] 王鲁黔.山核桃仁中脂肪酸分析和多肽的制备及活性研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2019.WANG L Q.Fatty acid analysis and polypeptide preparation and activity study of hickory kernel [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2019.
[57] 陈咪佳.山核桃主要营养成分比较及其加工影响的研究 [D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2017:1-56.CHEN M J.The research on comparison of main nutritional components of hickory and the influence of processing [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University,2017:1-56.
[58] PETERS R J B,BOUWMEESTER H,GOTTARDO S,et al.Nanomaterials for products and application in agriculture,feed and food [J].Trends in Food Science & Technology,2016,54:155-164.
[59] RAM P,VIVEK K,KUMAR S P.Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture:present concerns and future aspects [J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2014,13(6):705-713.
[60] LI C,XU Y Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Novel bigels based on walnut oil oleogel and chitosan hydrogel:Preparation,characterization,and application as food spread [J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024,260:129530.
[61] JIANG W J,LIU K X,HUAN W W,et al.Specific extraction of bioactive flavonoids from Torreya grandis pomace using magnetic nanoparticles modified with a ChCl/acetamide deep eutectic solvent [J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2024,211:116914.
[62] VEMULA D,JAYASURYA P,SUSHMITHA V,et al.CADD,AI and ML in drug discovery:a comprehensive review [J].European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2023,181:106324.
[63] GOMES D,SILVESTRE S,DUARTE A P,et al.In silico approaches:a way to unveil novel therapeutic drugs for cervical cancer management [J].Pharmaceuticals,2021,14(8):741.
[64] PFLIPSEN M C,VEGA COLON K M.Anaphylaxis:recognition and management [J].American Family Physician,2020,102(6):355-362.
[65] YAN X,LIU X,ZHAO C H,et al.Applications of synthetic biology in medical and pharmaceutical fields [J].Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,2023,8(1):199.
[66] LOU H Q,SONG L L,LI X L,et al.The Torreya grandis genome illuminates the origin and evolution of gymnosperm-specific sciadonic acid biosynthesis [J].Nature Communications,2023,14(1):1 315.
[67] ENGLER C,YOULES M,GRUETZNER R,et al.A golden gate modular cloning toolbox for plants [J].ACS Synthetic Biology,2014,3(11):839-843.

Download

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.