Abstract
The fruits of Panax species can serve as raw materials for functional foods and as resources for drug development.Their extracts have achieved preliminary translational applications in the fields of health food and medicine,demonstrating market potential.This article selects five Panax species commonly used in clinical practice,including P.ginseng C.A.Mey.,P.quinquefolium L.,P.notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen,P.japonicus C.A.Mey.,and P.japonicus C.A.Mey.var.major (Burk.) C.Y.Wu et K.M.Feng,and systematically elaborates on the research progress regarding the bioactive components,medicinal value,and current status of development and utilization of their fruits.
Publication Date
7-3-2025
First Page
244
Last Page
250
DOI
10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80355
Recommended Citation
Linghui, KONG; Haining, CHEN; Yingxiu, WANG; Mengmeng, JIANG; Xiangguo, LI; and Lianhua, HAN
(2025)
"Research progress on active components in fruits of Panax plants and its processing and utilization,"
Food and Machinery: Vol. 41:
Iss.
6, Article 33.
DOI: 10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80355
Available at:
https://www.ifoodmm.cn/journal/vol41/iss6/33
References
[1] 谢丽娟,冯惠柳,李健豪,等.HPLC法同时测定人参根、茎叶、花中 6种人参皂苷含量 [J].人参研究,2023,35(4):24-26.XIE L J,FENG H L,LI J H,et al.HPLC method was used to simultaneously determine the content of six ginsenosides in ginseng roots,stems and leaves,and flowers [J].Ginseng Research,2023,35(4):24-26.
[2] 刘俊文,徐美利,徐冰,等.西洋参不同部位皂苷成分研究 [J].天津中医药,2019,36(7):715-718.LIU J W,XU M L,XU B,et al.Study on saponin components in different parts of Panax quinquefolium L.[J].Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2019,36(7):715-718.
[3] 孙晓娟.三七茎叶的化学成分及生物活性研究 [D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2023.SUN X J.Study on chemical compositions of the stems and leaves of Panax noto-ginseng and their biological activity [D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2023.
[4] 王瑶,郭佳龙,叶陈辉,等.HPLC指纹图谱分析竹节参茎叶化学成分的累积特征 [J].华西药学杂志,2024,39(3):303-308.WANG Y,GUO J L,YE C H,et al.Study on the dynamic accumulation characteristics of chemical constituents in stem and leaves of Panax japonicus by HPLC [J].West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2024,39(3):303-308.
[5] 唐家美,但林蔚,吴莹,等.珠子参叶化学成分研究 [J].中南药学,2025,23(2):392-396.TANG J M,DAN L W,WU Y,et al.Chemical constituents in the leaves of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.var.major (Burk.) C.Y.Wu et K.M.Feng.[J].Central South Pharmacy,2025,23(2):392-396.
[6] 熊武青,麻秀萍,郭江涛,等.食源性复方人参水提物的抗疲劳作用 [J].食品与机械,2025,41(1):180-185.XIONG W Q,MA X P,GUO J T,et al.Anti-fatigue effect of food-derived compound ginseng aqueous extracts [J].Food & Machinery,2025,41(1):180-185.
[7] 徐丽华,王新茗,于金倩,等.西洋参茎叶的化学成分和药理作用研究进展 [J].食品与药品,2021,23(3):278-284.XU L H,WANG X M,YU J Q,et al.Advances in chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolium [J].Food and Drug,2021,23(3):278-284.
[8] 黄朝蓉,杨兆祥.三七茎叶中皂苷成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2022,31(23):51-58,82.HUANG C R,YANG Z X. Advances in studies on constituents and pharmacological effects of saponins in stem leaves of Panax notoginseng [J].Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy,2022,31(23):51-58,82.
[9] 张思敏,张也,伍红年,等.不同产地竹节参中 7种皂苷含量测定及化学计量学评价 [J].食品与机械,2022,38(3):65-70,79.ZHANG S M,ZHANG Y,WU H N,et al.Determination of seven kinds of saponins in Panax japonicus C.A.Mey from different regions by chemometric evaluation [J].Food & Machinery,2022,38(3):65-70,79.
[10] 许银凤,余朝良.珠子参非传统药用部位的药效初步研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,2013,34(7):62-63.XU Y F,YU C L.A preliminary study on the efficacy of non-traditional medicinal parts of Panacis Majoris Rhizoma [J].Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica,2013,34(7):62-63.
[11] 李延吉,袁鹏.心悦胶囊治疗心血管疾病的临床研究进展[J].中国社区医师,2024,40(34):4-6.LI Y J,YUAN P.Progress on clinical study of Xinyue capsule in treatment of cardiovascular diseases [J].Chinese Community Doctors,2024,40(34):4-6.
[12] WANG J,LI S S,FAN Y Y,et al.Anti-fatigue activity of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer [J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2010,130(2):|421-423.
[13] 刘春兰,张翼伸,李润秋.人参果中水溶性多糖的研究：杂多糖F的分离提纯与结构分析 [J].药学学报,1988,23(11):863-867.LIU C L,ZHANG Y S,LI R Q.Studies on the water soluble polysaccharide from Panax ginseng fruit isolation,purification and structural studies on heteroglycan F [J].Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,1988,23(11):863-867.
[14] 李珊珊,祁玉丽,曲迪,等.西洋参果多糖的纯化及 DPPH自由基清除活性研究 [J].特产研究,2019,41(1):1-4.LI S S,QI Y L,QU D,et al.Research on purification and DPPH free radicals scavenging activity of polysaccharide from Panax quinquefolius Berry [J].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research,2019,41(1):1-4.
[15] 王继彦.人参果化学成分的研究 [D].长春:吉林农业大学,2003.WANG J Y.Study on the chemical constituets from the fruits of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer [D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2003.
[16] 金银萍,乔思薇,潘蓉,等.西洋参果中氨基酸和糖类成分的测定研究 [J/OL ].特产研究.(2024 -07-15) [2025 -02-11].https://doi.org/10.16720 /j.cnki.tcyj.2024.121.JIN Y P,QIAO S W,PAN R,et al.Determination of amino acid and sugar in American ginseng berry [J/OL ].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research.(2024 -07-15).[2025 -02-11].https://doi.org/10.16720 /j.cnki.tcyj.2024.121.
[17] 金银萍,金哲顺,潘蓉,等.基于 HS-SPME-GC-MS 技术分析西洋参果中的挥发性成分 [J/OL ].特产研究.(2024 -07-18)
[2025 -02-22].https://doi.org/10.16720 /j.cnki.tcyj.2024.118.JIN Y P,JIN Z S,PAN R,et al.Analysis of volatile components in Panax quinquefolium berry by HS-SPME-GC-MS[J/OL ].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research.(2024 -07-18) [2025 -02-22].https://doi.org/10.16720 /j.cnki.tcyj.2024.118.
[18] 张志强.人参种质资源收集评价及组培苗无糖培养技术研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2023.ZHANG Z Q.Analysis and evaluation of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer germplasm resources and study on sugar free culture technology of tissue culture seedlings [D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2023.
[19] 李影.三七果梗化学成分及其镇静安神活性研究 [D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.LI Y.Studies on the chemical components and sedative-hypnotic effect of the fruits pedicels of Panax notoginseng [D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2017.
[20] 曲正义.三七果化学成分及抗肿瘤活性研究 [D].北京:中国农业科学院,2021.QU Z Y.Studies on the chemical constituents and antitumor activity of Panax notoginseng fruits [D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Thesis,2021.
[21] 黄系伦,唐婷婷,金睿,等.竹节参果实呈色生理机制研究[J].北方园艺,2024 (6):100-107.HUANG X L,TANG T T,JIN R,et al.Study on the physiological mechanism of fruit coloration of Panax japonicus [J].Northern Horticulture,2024 (6):100-107.
[22] 井玥.西洋参果的化学成分研究 [D].沈阳:辽宁中医药大学,2007.JING Y.Study on chemical constituents of American ginseng fruit[D].Shenyang:Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2007.
[23] 李乐,谭璐,王彩霞,等.超高效液相色谱—四极杆飞行时间质谱法鉴定西洋参果梗化学成分 [J].应用化学,2021,38(3):256-270.LI L,TAN L,WANG C X,et al.Identification of chemical constituents of american ginseng fruit pedicels by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2021,38(3):256-270.
[24] 时圣明,李巍,曹家庆,等.三七果化学成分的研究 [J].中草药,2010,41(8):1 249-1 251.SHI S M,LI W,CAO J Q,et al.Studies on the chemical constituents from the fruits of Panax notoginseng [J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2010,41(8):1 249-1 251.
[25] 郑梦梦,王佳佳,瞿旭东.甾药的微生物转化研究进展 [J].中国科学 (化学 ),2025,55(5):1 203-1 219.ZHENG M M,WANG J J,QU X D. Advances in the microbial transformation of steroid drugs [J].Scientia Sinica(Chimica ),2025,55(5):1 203-1 219.
[26] PARK E Y,KIM H J,KIM Y K,et al.Increase in insulin secretion induced by Panax ginseng berry extracts contributes to the amelioration of hyperglycemia in streptozotocininduced diabetic mice [J].Journal of Ginseng Research,2012,36(2):153-160.
[27] 杨正丽,刘君丽,钱科蕾,等.人参果汁浓缩液对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响 [J].食品科学,2023,44(1):175-181.YANG Z L,LIU J L,QIAN K L,et al.Effects of Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate on immune function in immunocompromised mice [J].Food Science,2023,44(1):175-181.
[28] 石峻岭,孙宇立,郑志清,等.人参果汁浓缩液对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响 [J].中国食品卫生杂志,2024,36(4):377-382.SHI J L,SUN Y L,ZHENG Z Q,et al.Effects of Panax ginseng fructus juice concentrate on immune injury induced by cyclophosphamide in mice [J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2024,36(4):377-382.
[29] WAN J Y,HUANG W H,ZHENG W,et al.Multiple effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides:plasma cholesterol level reduction and enteric neoplasm prevention [J].The American Journal of Chinese Medicine,2017,45(6):1 293-1 307.
[30] 余慧.西洋参果抗溃疡性结肠炎的药效物质基础研究 [D].长春:吉林大学,2024.YU H.Study on the therapeutic material basis of American ginseng berry in treatment of ulcerative colitis [D].Changchun:Jilin University,2024.
[31] WANG C Z,XIE J T,FISHBEIN A,et al.Antiproliferative effects of different plant parts of Panax notoginseng on SW480 human colorectal cancer cells [J].Phytotherapy Research,2009,23(1):6-13.
[32] 何春喜.竹节参乙酸乙酯部位化学成分及其抗炎活性研究与药材品质评价 [D].宜昌:三峡大学,2018.HE C X.Study on chemical constituents from EtOAc fraction of Panax japonicus and their anti-inflammatory activity [D].Yichang:Three Gorges University,2018.
[33] 云南省地方志编纂委员会.云南省志 [M].云南人民出版社,2021:699.Yunnan Provincial Local Records Compilation Committee.Yunnan Province [M].Yunnan People's Publishing House:2021:699.
[34] 白云,张宏,张鑫月,等.三七不同部位及果梗中皂苷的研究[J].化学研究,2024,35(3):239-243.BAI Y,ZHANG H,ZHANG X Y,et al.Study on saponins in different parts and fruit pedicel of notoginseng [J].Chemical Research,2024,35(3):239-243.
[35] 曲正义,郑培和,李亚丽,等.超高效液相色谱—四极杆 /静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法对三七果中皂苷类成分的快速鉴定[J].分析化学,2022,50(2):225-259.QU Z Y,ZHENG P H,LI Y L,et al.Rapid identification of saponins in Panax Notoginseng fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry [J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2022,50(2):225-259.
[36] SHI R,XIONG B J,HE S,et al.Comparative metabolic profiling of root,leaf,fruit,and stem tissues of Panax notoginseng [J].International Journal of Food Properties,2022,25(1):1 132-1 145.
[37] 黄荣梅,葛娜,王清艳,等.外施 5-氮杂胞苷对三七果实成熟和种子萌发的影响 [J].植物生理学报,2022,58(7):1 359-1 368.HUANG R M,GE N,WANG Q Y,et al.Effect of external application of 5-azacitidine on fruit maturation and seed germination of Panax notoginseng [J].Plant Physiology Journal,2022,58(7):1 359-1 368.
[38] 郑惠元,雷秀娟,王佳,等.三种人参属药用植物种子生根过程胚乳中人参皂苷的变化 [J].特产研究,2019,41(1):68-71.ZHENG H Y,LEI X J,WANG J,et al.Changes of Ginsenosides in the endosperm of seeds of three medicinal plants of Panax species [J].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research,2019,41(1):68-71.
[39] YOSHIZAKI K,YAHARA S.New triterpenoid saponins from fruits specimens of Panax japonicus collected in Kumamoto and Miyazaki prefectures (1) [J].Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2012,60(3):354-362.
[40] 郭骏达.珠子参四个器官的比较转录组和代谢组联合分析[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2023.GUO J D.Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of four organs of Panax japonicus var.major [D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2023.
[41] LI T,YAN Y T,HAN L L,et al.Ginseng fruit rare saponins (GFRS ),a promising anti-wrinkle agent:evidence of its antioxidant effect and its capacity to prevent matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs ) expression in vitro and in vivo [J].Industrial Crops and Products,2024,215:118716.
[42] TAN H Y,REN H H,CHAI J Y,et al.Protective effect of ginseng berry saponin conversion products on skin photodamage caused by UVB in vitro and in vivo [J].Food Research International,2024,198:115379.
[43] KIM J,CHO S Y,KIM S H,et al.Effects of Korean ginseng berry on skin antipigmentation and antiaging via FoxO 3a activation [J].Journal of Ginseng Research,2017,41(3):277-283.
[44] CHOI W,KIM H S,PARK S H,et al.Syringaresinol derived from Panax ginseng berry attenuates oxidative stress-induced skin aging via autophagy [J].Journal of Ginseng Research,2022,46(4):536-542.
[45] KIM M,KIM S H,KIM J,et al.Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism [J].Journal of Ginseng Research,2025,49(1):92-102.
[46] PÉREZ Z E J,MATHIYALAGAN R,MARKUS J,et al.Ginseng-berry-mediated gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxicity effects on human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines [J].International Journal of Nanomedicine,2017,12:709-723.