Abstract
[Objective] To investigate the structural characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic effects of Plantago seed polysaccharides (PSP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. [Methods] The structure of PSP is analyzed via ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), and ion chromatography (IC). Antioxidant activity is assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radical scavenging rates. Then, a T2DM rat model is established using streptozotocin (STZ) to assess the effects of PSP on fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and oxidative stress markers. [Results] In an amorphous structure, PSP has a molecular weight of 1. 42×104, primarily composed of glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara). Additionally, it exhibits high thermal stability. The DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radical scavenging rates of PSP are 77.50%, 57.76%, and 39.71%, respectively. In animal experiments, PSP significantly reduces FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in T 2DM rats (P<0.01), increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) content. [Conclusion] PSP exhibits clear structural characteristics alongside potent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive functional ingredient for diabetes management.
Publication Date
5-13-2026
First Page
138
Last Page
148
DOI
10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80841
Recommended Citation
Donglai, LIU; Peng, WANG; Xinyu, PENG; Yixuan, SHA; and Xingfu, YIN
(2026)
"Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic effects of Plantago seed polysaccharides,"
Food and Machinery: Vol. 42:
Iss.
3, Article 18.
DOI: 10.13652/j.spjx.1003.5788.2025.80841
Available at:
https://www.ifoodmm.cn/journal/vol42/iss3/18
References
[1] WEN X N,LV C H,ZHOU R Z,et al.The molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of dihydromyricetin on type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology,molecular docking,and transcriptomics [J].Foods,2024,13(2):344.
[2] SAEEDI P,SALPEA P,KARURANGA S,et al.Mortality attributable to diabetes in 20~79 years old adults,2019 estimates:results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas,9th edition [J].Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,2020,162:108086.
[3] 何俊叶,刘成,于宠洋,等.黄皮不同部位多糖的结构特性及体外降血糖活性 [J].食品与机械,2024,40(3):156-164.|HE J Y,LIU C,YU C Y,et al.Structural characteristics and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides from different parts of wampee [J].Food & Machinery,2024,40(3):156-164.
[4] SINGH S,BHAT J,WANG P H.Cardiovascular effects of anti-diabetic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus topical collection on diabetes and cardiovascular disease [J].Current Cardiology Reports,2013,15(1):327.
[5] 曹蓉,柴洋洋.食药资源成分降血糖作用及机理研究进展 [J].现代食品科技,2025,41(2):373-384.CAO R,CHAI Y Y.Research progress on the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of the components from food and medicinal resources [J].Modern Food Science & Technology,2025,41(2):373-384.
[6] 吴伟都,欧凯,冯玉红,等.车前子溶液流变学特性及凝胶特性研究 [J].食品科技,2020,45(11):250-255.WU W D,OU K,FENG Y H,et al.Study on rheological properties and gel properties of Plantago asiatica solutions [J].Food Science and Technology,2020,45(11):250-255.
[7] 于新,李小华.药食同源物品使用手册.可用于保健食品的物品[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2012:80-82.YU X,LI X H.Handbook of food and medicinal homologous substances [M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2012:80-82.
[8] 郑秀棉,杨莉,王峥涛.车前子的化学成分与药理活性研究进展[J].中药材,2013,36(7):1 190-1 196.ZHENG X M,YANG L,WANG Z T.Chemical composition and pharmacological activity of plantain [J].Journal Chinese Medicinal Materials,2013,36(7):1 190-1 196.
[9] 朱盈徽,杨丹阳,吴晓莹,等.车前子炮制研究进展 [J].中华中医药学刊,2023,41(8):187-191.ZHU Y H,YANG D Y,WU X Y,et al.Processing of cheqianzi (Plantaginis semen):a review [J].Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2023,41(8):187-191.
[10] 张迪,付美玲,费丛璇,等.多糖—植物蛋白复合物的制备及特性研究进展 [J].食品与机械,2024,40(4):227-232.ZHANG D,FU M L,FEI C X,et al.Research progress on preparation and characteristics of polysaccharide plant protein complex [J].Food & Machinery,2024,40(4):227-232.
[11] GAHRTZ M,STOLZ J,SAUER N.A phloem-specific sucrose-H+ symporter from Plantago major L.supports the model of apoplastic phloem loading [J].Plant Journal,2010,6(5):697-706.
[12] 曹磊,刘伟,王俊龙,等.硫酸化制备圆苞车前子低黏多糖及其 结 构 表 征 和 抗 氧 化 活 性 研 究 [J].天 然 产 物 研 究 与 开 发,2024,36(1):26-36.CAO L,LIU W,WANG J L,et al.Preparation of low viscosity polysaccharide from Plantago ovata Forsk by sulfation method and its structural characterization and antioxidant activities [J].Natural Product Research and Development,2024,36(1):26-36.
[13] 李芬芬.大粒车前子多糖抗炎与缓解壬基酚毒性作用及其机制研究 [D].南昌:南昌大学,2020:94.LI F F.Study on protective effects of polysaccharide from seeds of Plantago asiatica L.against inflammation and nonylphenol exposure [D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2020:94.
[14] 周超.车前子多糖的分离纯化及其功能性质研究 [D].南昌:南昌大学,2007.ZHOU C.The isolation,purification and functional properties of polysaccharides in Semen plantaginis [D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2007.
[15] 赵凯迪,王秋丹,林长青.菊花多糖对 2型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用 [J].食品与机械,2022,38(1):168-174.ZHAO K D,WANG Q D,LIN C Q.Study on the effect of chrysanthemum polysaccharide on hypoglycemic in type 2 diabetic rats [J].Food & Machinery,2022,38(1):168-174.
[16] CHEN G,LI C,WANG S,et al.Characterization of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from shoot residues of bamboo (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis):effect of drying procedures [J].Food Chemistry,2019,292:281-293.
[17] 张馨心,王福玲.红花多糖纯化工艺及体外抗氧化活性研究[J].食品与机械,2025,41(3):171-176.ZHANG X X,WANG F L.Purification process and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from safflower[J].Food & Machinery,2025,41(3):171-176.
[18] 覃引,徐文慧,吴凯,等.不同提取方法对黄精多糖理化特性和生物活性的影响 [J].现代食品科技,2024,40(3):142-152.QIN Y,XU W H,WU K,et al.Effects of the physicochemical properties and biological activities of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides extracted by different extraction methods [J].Modern Food Science & Technology,2024,40(3):142-152.
[19] 闫光玲,张锋,金娟,等.金银花多糖分子量及单糖组成研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2019,26(2):97-101.YAN G L,ZHANG F,JIN J,et al.Study on molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide from Lonicerae japonicae flos [J].Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine Information,2019,26(2):97-101.
[20] 石越,张玲赫,努尔买买提,等.元蘑多糖分离纯化和结构表征及体外降血糖活性 [J].食用菌学报,2023,30(4):59-66.SHI Y,ZHANG L H,NUR M M,et al.Isolation,purification,structural characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharide [J].Acta Edulis Fungi,2023,30(4):59-66.
[21] 熊善强.滑菇多糖的结构与理化特性研究 [D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2022:16.XIONG S Q.Study on the structure and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Pholiota nameko [D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2022:16.
[22] 杨薇.车前草抗氧化抗炎谱效关系研究 [D].贵阳:贵州大学,2021.YANG W.Study on the relationship of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory spectrum effect of Plantago asiatica [D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2021.
[23] 王炬,张秀玲,高宁,等.老山芹全株及其不同部位酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力分析 [J].食品科学,2019,40(7):54-59.WANG J,ZHANG X L,GAO N,et al.Polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of whole plants and different parts of Heraclenm dissectum [J].Food Science,2019,40(7):54-59.
[24] YANG B,WU Q J,SONG X,et al.Physicochemical properties and bioactive function of japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) pomace insoluble dietary fibre modified by ball milling and complex enzyme treatment [J].International Journal of Food Science & Technology,2019,54(7):2 363.
[25] MENG Y H,SU A P,YUAN S,et al.Evaluation of total flavonoids,myricetin,and quercetin from Hovenia dulcis thunb.as inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase [J].Plant Foods for Human Nutrition,2016,71(4):444-449.
[26] OBAFEMI T O,ALFA J A,OBAFEMI B A,et al.Comparative effect of metformin and gliclazide on expression of some genes implicated in oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and inflammation in liver and pancreas of type 2 diabetic rats [J].Comparative Clinical Pathology,2024,33(1):115-125.
[27] 张晨.杏鲍菇菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及抗衰老、抗糖尿病活性分析 [D].泰安:山东农业大学,2025:26.ZHANG C.Purification,anti-aging and anti-diabetic effects of mycelia polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii [D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2025:26.
[28] 朱小花.香蕉粉对 II型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的改善作用及其机制研究 [D].广州:华南农业大学,2016:25.ZHU X H.Research the improvement and mechanism on insulin resistance of raw banana powder in type II diabetic mellitus [D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016:25.
[29] 黄越,周春晖,黄惠华.不同提取方法猴头菇粗多糖的表征及其抗氧化活性的比较 [J].食品工业科技,2017,38(3):80-86.HUANG Y,ZHOU C H,HUANG H H.Characterization and antioxidant activity analysis on the crude Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides extracted by different methods [J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2017,38(3):80-86.
[30] 赵宏,柴桂芳,孙延平,等.车前子多糖 PSP-B 9的结构及抑制RAW 264.7产 生 NO活 性 研 究 [J].辽 宁 中 医 杂 志,2019,46(3):598-601.ZHAO H,CHAI G F,SUN Y P,et al.Structural study and inhibitory activity of plantain polysaccharides (PSP-B 9) on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells [J].Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2019,46(3):598-601.
[31] 龚 璐.车 前 子 多 糖 的 分 离 纯 化、结 构 分 析 及 生 物 活 性 研 究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2016:20.GONG L.Isolation,purification,structural analysis,and functional properties of a polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L.seeds [D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2016:20.
[32] 彭东辉,张志宏,王洋洋,等.盐炙车前子多糖抗痛风性肾病作用研究 [J].广东药科大学学报,2022,38(4):72-77,83.PENG D H,ZHANG Z H,WANG Y Y,et al.Study on anti-gouty nephropathy effect of polysaccharides from salt-processed plantain seeds [J].Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,2022,38(4):72-77,83.
[33] BEN JEDDOU K,CHAARI F,MAKTOUF S,et al.Structural,functional,and antioxidant properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from potatoes peels [J].Food Chemistry,2016,20(5):97-105.
[34] LEONE G,CONSUMI M,LAMPONI S,et al.New hyaluroran derivative with prolonged Half-life for ophthalmogical Formulation [J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,88(3):799-808.
[35] 仇玉洁.菱角多糖的超声提取、结构表征及其对巨噬细胞免疫激活效应的研究 [D].镇江:江苏大学,2023:25-26.QIU Y J.Preparation,structure characterization and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharide from Trapa bispinosa L[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2023:25-26.
[36] 马素云.银耳多糖提取纯化、结构特征及溶液性质研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学,2012:23.MA S Y.Research on isolation,purification,structure characteristics and solution properties of the polysaccharide from Tremella fuciformis [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012:23.
[37] ZHAO C C,LI X,MIAO J,et al.The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi [J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2017,102:847-856.
[38] 尹红力,赵鑫,佟丽丽,等.黑木耳多糖体外和体内降血糖功能[J].食品科学,2015,36(21):221-226.YIN H L,ZHAO X,TONG L L,et al.In vitro and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular [J].Food Science,2015,36(21):221-226.
[39] BARTOLI E,FRA G P,CARNEVALE SCHIANCA G P.The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revisited [J].European Journal of Internal Medicine,2011,22(1):8-12.
[40] YANG Z W,WANG J,LI J G,et al.Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus in high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidaemic mice [J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2018,183:11-20.
[41] OLATUNJI O J,FENG Y,OLATUNGI O O,et al.Polysaccharides purified from Cordyceps cicadae protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced oxidative damage [J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,153:187-195.
[42] 吴慧娟.黄精复方口服液的开发及其降血糖功能研究 [D].南昌:南昌大学,2022:62.WU H J.Development of polygonatum compound oral liquid and research on its hypoglycemic function [D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2022:62.
